Inefficiency and less productivity can create unsustainability. This study aims to analyze the productivity and efficiency for the economic sustainability of selected textile companies in Bangladesh. The study selects Nineteen (19) companies conveniently based on data availability of annual reports and only secondary data of six years has been collected and analyzed. Cost of materials, wages and salaries, energy and fuel costs, and total assets are input variables while sales, gross profit and net profit are used as output variables for this study. The researcher uses the Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI) and also examines the profit trend over the mentioned period. The study results reveal that Rahimtex is efficient whereas Argondenims & Apexspin are relatively efficient; all other companies are inefficient in terms of total factor productivity. However, Maksonspin, MHSML and Zaheenspin are highly deteriorated from the benchmark. Technological change is responsible mainly for such inefficiencies. The study also finds the profit trend of the sample companies is in mixed position and not increasing accordingly as sales and costs. Thus, advanced technology and efficient management are required to increase the productivity & profitability for sustainable textile companies in Bangladesh. Government may provide conditional cash and tax incentives to get advanced technologies and managers can hire the applied knowledge to grow the success seeds in own.